EPINEPHELINAE
Groupers are large, predatory fish that are found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. They can range in size from around a few inches in length to over six feet and hundreds of pounds.
Groupers have a distinctive, elongated body shape with a large, forward-facing mouth and sharp teeth. They are typically greenish or brownish in color, with mottled or striped patterns.
Groupers are found in a variety of marine habitats, including coral reefs, lagoons, and deep offshore waters. They are found in many locations around the world, including the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Some specific locations where groupers are commonly found include the Great Barrier Reef, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Groupers are opportunistic predators, feeding on a wide range of prey, including fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. They are known to hunt using a combination of stealth and ambush, lurking in the shadows and pouncing on unsuspecting prey.
They are also known to cooperate with other groupers in hunting, with some species forming hunting groups or “cooperatives”.
Groupers are generally solitary animals, with each individual fish establishing and defending its own territory. However, they are also known to exhibit complex social behaviors, such as forming hierarchies and forming spawning aggregations.
During spawning, large numbers of groupers will gather together to release eggs and sperm into the water.
Groupers are members of the family Serranidae, which also includes anthias and basses. There are over 400 species of grouper, which are divided into several genera, including Epinephelus, Mycteroperca, and Cephalopholis.
Within these genera, there are many different species, each with its own unique appearance and behavior.
Some of the most well-known species include the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus), the red grouper (Epinephelus morio), and the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus).
